ABSTRACT
Rice is the staple food to half of world’s population providing more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide. Cereal grains are rich sources of phenolic compounds present in cell walls that help in combating many life style diseases occurring due to oxidative stress. Rice has been domesticated more than 10000 years ago but even today the farmers prefer selling freshly harvested paddy at a lower price. Few entrepreneurial farmers have come up with the idea of primary processing the paddy as semi polished and brown rice that can fetch them more profits along with providing health benefits. Each Kg of paddy, white, semi polished and brown rice cost Rs. 17 – 18.50, 46 – 48, 58 – 60 and 65 respectively. Similarly, one Kg of brokens get Rs. 15, bran Rs. 12 during season and Rs. 20 during off season. The rice without any processing fetched the farmer profit of about Rs. 24400 to 36000 on an average per acre. But if the farmer subjected the rice to primary processing and sold as white, semi polished or brown rice, the profits generated per acre were Rs. 57156 – 66480 Rs. Rs. 82996 – 102400and Rs. 105910 – 120400 can be generated. As can be seen the decrease in processing produced lower quantity of brokens and bran and income from them was comparatively lower than on processed rice indicating that there can be rise in income with minimal processing with added health benefits. There can an increase in profits by 4 to 5 times due to primary processing benefiting the paddy growers. The white, semi polished and brown rice can increase the income of farmer by 76.92, 127.79 and 161.58% per one bag of paddy weighing 75 Kg. There was a significant decrease in brokens and bran produced in semi polished and brown rice that actually fetch less prize than the actual produce. The growing awareness of consumers towards health foods, improved eating habits and health consciousness is expanding brown rice market at higher compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) compared to overall rice market.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was undertaken to examine the genetic divergence in 50 mungbean germplasm lines for 13 characters using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The genotypes grouped into eight clusters. Cluster VII had maximum intra-cluster distance while inter-cluster distance was highest between clusters V and VII. Cluster means indicated that none of the clusters was superior for all the characters studied. Therefore, hybridization between genotypes belonging to different clusters is suggested for development of superior genotypes. 10 SSR primers were used for molecular study of which only one gave slight difference among 19 mungbean genotypes. The quality and quantity of DNA used for amplification by PCR is the key to reproducible results and success of genotyping. Especially, DNA purity is extremely crucial for obtaining clear and discriminate patterns. DNA extraction from mungbean is difficult due to presence of contaminants such as phenols. Therefore, the present study was under taken to obtain high quality and pure DNA in mungbean. With few modifications four different DNA extraction protocols were tried in the present study to obtain high quality and pure DNA viz., (I) Doyle and Doyle (1987), (ii) Method of Murray and Thompson (1980), (iii) Porebski et al.(1997), and (iv) Lin et al. (2001). Out of the four methods tried for DNA extraction, the method of Lin et al. (2001) was found most efficient, as the DNA obtained through this protocol was relatively pure which gave amplyfying products in the PCR. The genotype used for the standardization was MGG -361. Molecular characterization of 19 randomly chosen mungbean genotypes was attempted with the eight standardized primers. None of the primers showed scorable polymorphism. The primers VR4, VR5 and VR9, exhibited non specific bands, in addition to the monomorphic bands.
ABSTRACT
Green gram is a widely cultivated pulse crop rich in protein, high in vitamin-B content and essential aminoacids. It is easily digestable and low flatulence produced crop. The quality and quantity of DNA used for amplification by PCR is the key to reproducible results and success of genotyping. Especially, DNA purity is extremely crucial for obtaining clear and discriminate patterns. DNA extraction from Green gram is difficult due to presence of contaminants such as phenols. Therefore, the present study was under taken to obtain high quality and pure DNA in Green gram. With few modifications four different DNA extraction protocols were tried in the present study to obtain high quality and pure DNA viz., (i) Doyle and Doyle (1987), (ii) Method of Murray and Thompson (1980), (iii) Porebski et al.(1997), and (iv) Lin et al. (2001). Out of the four methods tried for DNA extraction, the method of Lin et al. (2001) was found most efficient, as the DNA obtained through this protocol was relatively pure which gave amplifying products in the PCR. The genotype used for the standardization was MGG -361.
ABSTRACT
An investigation was carried out with 50 accessions of pigeon pea to identify diverse genotypes. They were evaluated for ten yield and yield attributing characters using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Maximum range of variation was recorded for seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance has been recorded for seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant, seed weight and primary branches. Based on the genetic distance all the 50 genotypes were grouped under seven different clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters II and IV. Seed yield per plant contributed maximum to the total divergence. Seed yield, number of pods per plant and seed weight can be given due weight in selection and improvement of pigeonpea, Crossing between the genotyptes of Cluster II and IV is expected to exhibit high heterosis and give wider spectrum of variability.